Team Maverick
Figure 2 showing the trailer Love in the Air, 2023.
MOVIE SYNOPSIS
Love is in the Air is a typical love drama that centers on a seaplane pilot and a banker. The plot focuses around each of these characters. Dana was extremely proud of her work, and Fullerton Airways was at the top of her priority list. Her mother, Clara, had a strong passion for flying and had established Fullerton Airways with the intention of assisting the local population on the island. Without aircraft, the town would have remained cut off from the outside world. Through her profession, Dana was able to fulfil the dreams of her mother. She was aware that the major mission of Fullerton Airways was to provide assistance to those in need. Nikki and Dana’s father, Jeff, were assisting Dana with the management of the airline. The fact that Jeff was aware that the company was experiencing enormous losses did not prevent him from imagining the possibility of closing down the company. As a result of William’s trip from London to Australia on behalf of his father’s firm, ITCM Financial, the situation gets even more complicated.
INTRODUCTION
The International Labor Organization (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have issued a definition of workplace health and safety, which is also referred to as occupational health. This definition states that workplace health and safety is “the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers in all occupations by preventing departures from health, controlling risks, and the adaptation of work to people and people to their jobs.” Aldridge (2016) wrote Every person who is concerned would agree that “safety is of the utmost importance.” In particular, the aviation industry acknowledges that the incorporation of safety measures into all parts of the operations that are carried out within the sector is essential to the proper running of the business. The movie “Love is in the Air” was the one that our organization, which goes by the name “Maverick” and is made up of people who have a history in aviation, opted to go with. This film is based on a family-owned and operated aircraft company in Australia that is described as being modest and charming. A lot of potentially dangerous situations are included in it, and a risk assessment matrix may be utilized to evaluate and grade each of these scenes.
What is a hazard ?
The most prevalent definition of a hazard that is applied in the world of safety and health at work is as follows: “A hazard is a potential source of harm or adverse health effect on a person or persons” (HSA, 2022).
A hazard can be defined as any source or condition that has the potential to result in injury, damage, or unhealthy effects to people, property, the environment, or any other element of value is referred to as a hazard. Natural occurrences (such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods), technological or industrial processes (such as chemical spills or machinery malfunctions), biological sources (such as diseases or venomous animals), and human activities (such as unsafe behaviors or accidents) are some examples of the many forms and contexts in which hazards can manifest.
It is essential to keep in mind that the presence of a hazard does not automatically result in negative consequences; rather, negative consequences emerge as a result of the interaction between a hazard and a susceptible component, such as people, infrastructure, or the natural environment. The evaluation and control of risks are essential aspects of risk management, which has as its overarching goal the lessening of the frequency and severity of unfavorable outcomes.
Figure 3: Types of Hazards – https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/cdnhealthsafetyworkplacefundamentals/chapter/3-3-hazard-recognition/
Physical Hazards
Figure 4: SafetyCulture. 2023. “Physical Hazard Examples: What You Need to Know | SafetyCulture.” June 30, 2023. https://safetyculture.com/topics/workplace-hazards/physical-hazard-examples/.
Physical hazards are substances or activities that threaten your physical safety. They are the most common and are present in most workplaces at one time or another. These include unsafe conditions that can cause injury, illness and death.
– Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (2023)-
Physical hazards include, for example:
Exposure to Hazardous substances – defined as any material with the potential to cause harm to people or the environment – are responsible for many immediate and long-term health conditions.
Noise hazards: Loud noise levels can cause health problems, including hearing impairment. Construction sites and companies with noisy machinery frequently experience this.
Fall Hazards: These include situations where there is a chance of falling, including heights or slick surfaces.
Environmental: An environmental hazard refers to a substance, state, or event in the environment that has the potential to cause harm or adverse effects to living organisms, ecosystems, and the environment as a whole. These hazards can arise from natural sources or human activities.
Physical hazard awareness and mitigation are essential for maintaining people’s safety and wellbeing in a variety of contexts, such as homes, workplaces, and public areas. Physical dangers are often managed and minimized through the use of proper personal protective equipment (PPE), safety regulations, and risk assessments.
In this movie, we have seen several physical hazards that we have identified, the major ones being:
- Exposure to Harmful Substances
- Noise hazards
- Environmental hazards
- Fall Hazards
Fall Hazard and Exposure to Harmful Substances
As we continue to watch the movie, at the 04.02-minute mark, we see the aircraft technician working on the engine for the aircraft. This scene in itself demonstrates more than one risk, including the following:
1. We notice that the aircraft engine is suspended on an engine crane at the top and chained to the bottom so that it does not move.
2. The mechanic who is working on the engine is not wearing any protective gear, like safety shoes, safety glasses, or gloves.
Figure 5: Screenshot illustrating the mechanic Nikki, who is working on the engine and is not wearing any proper protective gears. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
Recommendation:
The technician has to do the following in order to protect herself from injury:
1. Cradle the engine on an appropriate stand as recommended by the manufacturer. This will prevent the engine from tumbling off the crane and injuring both the technician and the engine. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for how to properly secure the engine.
2. The technician should have also used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as Safety Glasses so that while she was working on the engine no loose debris could move and get into her eyes, Safety Shoes so that if any tools or if the engine falls, her feet would be protected and not be injured, and Gloves while repairing these engines because the use of grease, anti-seize, and oils are always used, and exposure to these items can be harmful to health.
Environmental
At the 55:44-minute mark, we also see Mr. Fullerton directing traffic in the night while the rain is pouring and automobiles are going around him. It is seen that he is not wearing any kind of reflective vest, which makes it a little bit harder for incoming traffic to see him clearly.
Figure 6: Screenshots showing Jeff, the owner out in the storm and not wearing any visible wear for safety reasons. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
Recommendation:
He should put on a fluorescent vest while directing people to safety to protect himself from auto accidents. This will allow him to ensure that vehicles will see him standing there and steer clear of colliding with him.
Noise Hazard
At the 02:00 minute mark, we observe how close the aircraft hangar is to the runway and the staff of Fullerton Airways working in the Hagar and not wearing earmuffs or earplugs, exposing them to excessive noise whenever an aircraft takes off or lands. This high level of noise can cause noise-induced hearing loss.
Figure 7: Screenshot showing Jeff outside of the hanger observing the landing strip where the aircraft is landing and taking off. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
Figure 8: Screenshot the aircraft is landing on the runway. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
Recommendation:
The employees have continuous exposure to this high level of noise can cause irreversible hearing damage, those working in and near the airfield and the hangar, in particular, should wear earmuffs and earplugs to protect themselves against the excessive noise. In addition, they should be sent for audiometric testing once a year.
Chemical Hazard
Figure 8: Chemical Hazard – Mixed Waste https://rso.wsu.edu/radioactive-waste-training/
“A hazardous chemical can be a solid, liquid or gas. It can be a pure substance, consisting of one ingredient, or a mixture of substances. It can harm the health of a person who is exposed to it.”
-Australian Government Comcare-
“A hazardous chemical can be a solid, liquid or gas. It can be a pure substance, consisting of one ingredient, or a mixture of substances. It can harm the health of a person who is exposed to it.”
What is a Chemical Hazard?
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) describes a chemical hazard to “pose a wide range of health hazards (such as irritation, sensitization, and carcinogenicity) and physical hazards (such as flammability, corrosion, and explosibility).”
Chemical Hazards:
Sensitizer
Figure 9: Screenshots from the movie of Dana surprised about the inspection visit, followed by William’s first visit to the hanger and speaking to Jeff, the owner about being uncomfortable due to the heat. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
When the movie first starts, Will Harriet is taken to the hangar by her owner Mike, along with her daughter Dana and all-around mechanic Nikki, between the 16:51 and 18:31 marks of the sequences. Will’s only goal was to “get in and out” as quickly as possible and finish the business’s closure. From the images above, everyone is standing while holding their initial meeting in the shaded, enclosed hangar without any proper ventilation and air conditioning as stated by Jeff was “busted”. It is evident that they are all susceptible to exposure to a variety of materials, such as paints with isocyanates, glue, resin, cleansers, wood, and soaps, which can result in an allergic reaction that typically affects the skin or respiratory system. In addition to skin symptoms like redness, heat, and swelling, some respiratory symptoms include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, sneezing, runny nose, and itchy, irritated eyes.
Recommendation:
First, there needs to be some exposure control. In order to maintain appropriate storage and cut down on the amount of supplies required, the owner and technician can eliminate any unused products. Secondly, they need to control the flow of people coming and going from the hangar and make sure the appropriate safety signs are up. Lastly, personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, masks, and respirator equipment, if needed should be worn by everyone who comes into touch with the locations inside the hangar.
Flammable
At the 30:02 mark in the clipping scene below, Will can be seen entering the hangar and starting his inspection. The hangar is a decent size, but it lacks ventilation unless the doors are open, and tools, equipment, chemicals, appliances, and furniture are not properly stored. The gasoline barrels are positioned at the right end of the hangar, with a “no smoking” sign hanging at the back and a worktable situated farther in front but near the barrels. We can also see that the hangar floor setup is disorganized because the office space is positioned next to the tool area, the maintenance and repair workspace and the tiny kitchenette.
There are no visible indicators of other safety signage and fire extinguishers. Any kind of ignition that has the potential to start a small fire or flame can catch and spread to fuel barrels and other combustible objects, igniting a massive fire. Everything within the hangar, including the aircraft, tools, and even lives, will be lost as a result of this. In a comparable fashion, the images below, taken at the 1:00 and 1:03 points in the film, exhibit the storage room that everyone was attempting to remain safe and protected in. The door is marked with a “Danger, Keep Out” sign, and there are objects stacked on the shelves that could fall on someone’s head.
Figure 10: Screenshot from movie where William is seen walking into the hanger to begin his inspection/audit. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
Figure 11: Screenshots from movie where everyone was sheltering safely from the storm and clipping showing aftermath of the storm and damages caused. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
Recommendation:
Firstly, it’s critical to adhere to the correct safety protocols and guidelines to limit exposure to flammable materials and toxic fumes. Make sure all containers are closed, labeled correctly with the Material Data Sheets attached or close by to review and kept in good condition by using appropriate storage. Safety cans must be made of metal, have a flame arrestor, and have spring-loaded covers on the pouring and filling spouts to keep spills from happening accidentally. Secondly, stay away from putting hot objects, flames, or sparking devices close to these liquids as these can cause ignition. Since ground apparatus can produce sparking static electricity, try to avoid using open flames and instead use electrical heating. Compressed or liquefied gases present special fire hazards; it’s critical to handle and store these materials carefully. Finally, use storage cabinets and separate rooms with proper ventilation for the kitchen, office, chemicals, tools, and repair station in addition to combustible and flammable liquid storage.
Toxic Fumes
As illustrated in the hangar photo above at the back of the airplane tail is a small couch and one chair that serve as a sitting area. When the airplane is being repaired and started up to leave the hangar the fuel fumes are spread throughout the enclosed hangar and directly to the sitting area. Even a tiny chemical exposure can burn the skin, nose, throat, eyes, chest and tears can also occur. Headache, perspiration, blurred vision, stomach aches, and diarrhea are possible side effects.
Recommendation:
The use of fume hoods for flammable and combustible liquids to avoid inhaling harmful vapors or gases or allowing ignitable vapor/air mixtures to build up. By creating more ventilation in the hangar by installing windows or simply opening some existing windows will assist tremendously. If you are near toxic fumes, get away from the area right away and find some fresh air. One way to lessen the amount of harmful gases you breathe in is by covering your mouth and nose with a moist cloth. Supportive care is essential for acute irritant-induced lung damage and this entails keeping circulation going, facilitating breathing, and safeguarding the airway.
Inhalation
At the 36:44 mark of the film, Dana and Will can be seen on their way to make some deliveries when they experience mechanical and engine problems. Despite Will’s lack of expertise and experience, they were both attempting to fix the airplane engine. Airplane engine oil was seen spraying and then splashed and was leaking across Will’s shirt in the picture clip below. High oil mist concentrations can irritate the respiratory system and nose. This may result in skin contact; continued or recurrent contact may cause mild irritability and defatting, possibly leading to dermatitis; additional eye contact may cause eye irritation, including redness and tearing.
Figure12: Movie screenshot of William assisting Dana to repair the aircraft engine and getting engin oil spilled on his shirt. (Love is in the Air, 2023
Recommendation:
First and foremost, it is crucial to wear appropriate attire and use appropriate tools; however, due to the event’s location and nature, neither side had these. Second, a competent and experienced individual was required to provide precise instructions on how to handle the engine safety issue and any other potential complications. One should be able to obtain essential information for troubleshooting and repairs by consulting the aircraft manual.
Biological Hazards
Figure13: Biohazard Safety Sign https://www.accuform.com/safety-sign/biohazard-caution-biological-hazard-wgraphic-MBHZ012
Figure14: Ecologist standing in field with garbage and biohazard sign – https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/ecologist-standing-field-with-garbage-biohazard-sign_27526956.htm
Biological hazards are disease producing agents (pathogens) that can be transmitted to individuals through various routes of exposure (modes of transmission). Exposure to these hazards may result in acute or chronic health conditions.
Biological hazards. (n.d.). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/learning/safetyculturehc/module-2/2.html
What is a biological hazard ?
Biological hazards, also known as biohazards, refer to biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans. This can include medical waste or samples of a microorganism, viruses, or toxins (from a biological source) that can affect human health. Symbolized by a striking medallion of curving curlicue scepters (Figure 1), the sinister nature of the biohazard is evoked by the sharp and pointed nature of the otherwise round symbol (Science direct, 2016).
This research is definitely a noteworthy consideration in the assessment of the biological hazards identified in this movie, as there are a few biological hazards that were observed. These hazards, in particular, occurred the next morning after the hurricane, while they were responding to their town folks in distress.
Biohazard pic. 1
Figure 15: Movie screenshot of Jeff falling down after being hit with a flying object during the storm. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
This frame was taken at time 57:08 in to the movie. In this scene Jeff Fullerton is lying on the water soaked ground in the falling rain after being injured be flying debris. He is exposed to the following:
No.1 Biological agent: (legionaries disease), due to his possible inhalation of atomized water that can reach into his lungs. Legionnaires disease is a serious type of pneumonia (lung infection) caused by Legionella bacteria. People can get sick when they breathe in small droplets of water or accidentally swallow water containing Legionella into the lungs. Also, based on statistics, elderly people are more susceptible to contracting this disease (CDC, 2003).
No.2 Biotoxin hazard; his position on the ground exposes him to the danger of being bitten by a snake. His disabling situation coupled with the severe weather increases this possibility, as he is very unaware of or even concerned about the possible hazard.
Figure 16: Movie screenshot of Dana helping others on the island, after the Storm. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
This frame was taken at 1:06:35 into the movie. Here depicts the scene with Dana (Pilot) treating with an injured resident. Dana is exposed to the following:
No.3 Airborne pathogens (pathogenic microbes) which can be easily transmitted from inhalation, an infected person’s sneezing, coughing and direct or close contact. Dana’s proximity to the injured person’s face creates this avenue for transmission.
Figure 17: Movie screenshot of Dana helping more people on the island, after the Storm and not wearing any gloves etc. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
This frame was taken at 1:07:11 into the movie. In this scene, Dana is attending to the lady’s wound. This action exposes her to the following:
No.4 Biological Agents: (for example a bloodborne pathogens like HIV). Dana is not wearing the appropriate PPE (personal protective equipment), such as gloves and clothing, to give her that much-needed protective barrier.
Biohazard pic. 4
Figure 18: Movie screenshot of Dana checking on everyone after the Storm to ensure they are safe and not injured. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
This frame was taken at 1:07:20 into the movie. In this scene, the attention is on the lady sitting on the ground behind Dana, clad in blue shorts, multicolored top and straw hat. She can be exposed to the following:
No.5 Organic matter (pathogens, typically microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasitic worms can be present in soil). The lady’s legs are in contact with the soil which allows for the easy transmission of pathogens.
No.6 Biting or stinging insects: being seated on the ground exposes her to biting or stinging insects such as scorpions or fire ants.
Conclusion/recommendation
Fullerton Airways is the provider of an essential service that meet the needs of residents in the territory. Such essential services as mail, passenger transport and medivac to people and pets. The residents have developed a dependency to this service due to the expediency of receiving their pertinent supplies, the ability to keep in contact with the rest of the world and also attributed to the geographic location, which isn’t quickly accessible by any other means than marine air transport.
As the stakeholder of this esteemed detail, there is a definite need for Fullerton Airways to upgrade their current services, which include, but isn’t limited to, passenger transport, emergency evacuation and first responder medical services. The much need improvements to their service should include:
Expanding their Air assets is a crucial move for companies aiming to provide a wider scope of services to their customers. By adding more staff members, they can effectively enhance their capabilities and cater to a larger customer base. It not only allows for geographical expansion but also ensures prompt and efficient service delivery.
With the expansion of Air assets, it becomes imperative to prioritize risk awareness and assessment training for staff. Providing proper training equips the team with the necessary knowledge and skills to identify potential risks and take appropriate preventive measures. By promoting a culture of safety and vigilance, companies can significantly reduce the likelihood of accidents and ensure the well-being of their staff and customers.
Furthermore, the procurement of necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential to mitigate risk factors. By investing in high-quality PPE, companies can effectively protect their staff against potential hazards and create a safer working environment. This not only demonstrates a commitment to employee welfare but also plays a vital role in maintaining customer confidence.
In addition to PPE, the procurement of medical supplies, including anti-venom and toxin kits, is crucial in certain industries. Industries such as wildlife conservation, outdoor adventure, and agriculture often encounter potential risks associated with venomous creatures or hazardous substances. Having the necessary medical supplies readily available can potentially save lives and minimize the impact of such incidents.
By addressing these priorities, companies can establish a strong foundation for growth while prioritizing the safety and well-being of their staff and customers. It is vital to recognize the importance of these measures and invest resources accordingly to ensure a successful and responsible operation.
Safety in aviation is paramount and with this carries the view of preserving lives of staff, customers and the air assets. The ability to achieve this whilst providing an invaluable service, is a core-value offering that any organization should have.
Psychosocial hazard?
Figure 19: Psycosocial Hazards https://safetyculture.com/topics/workplace-hazards/psychosocial-hazards/.
What is a psychosocial hazard?
“Psychosocial hazards are aspects of work (e.g. lack of autonomy, long working hours) which can affect workers’ emotions, behaviors, biochemical and neuro-hormonal reactions.” These include stress, anxiety, aggression, extreme environmental conditions, traumatic events, fear and violence. The degree and likelihood of persons in the film suffering physical or mental harm from psychosocial hazards will be examined.
-Institution of Occupational Safety and Health
Occupational stress
Dana:
At the opening of the film, almost immediately it is evident that Dana (Fullerton Airways pilot) is exposed to occupational stress. Dana works in a high pressure environment where situations can quickly deteriorate. By the nature of her job in providing emergency air transport services, there is a lot depending on her and a lot at risk if she does not perform in a timely and efficient manner. She is constantly responding to emergencies and has to change schedules at short notice. We see this in the first scene where she must collect a ‘patient’ who has been bitten by a snake (1:36). As well as after the storm where countless families become vulnerable and displaced in a matter of hours. We also see the stress of flying an old plane; Dana is put into a distressing situation when the plane has an engine failure and she is forced to land and tend to the issue. Because of these circumstances, Dana is put at high risk of facing occupational stress.
Figure 20: Movie screenshot of Dana going to rescue a dog and take him to the vet due to a snakebite. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
The Fullerton Airways team:
The Fullerton Airways team is also put at risk of stress as they face the closure of the business and loss of employment. For Dana and her father,,, this is compounded by the fact that the business has sentimental significance as it was founded by the mother. This stress looms over the father from the onset of the film as he is concerned about Dana doing unpaid jobs over “paying customers”. This stress intensifies when the team is later informed by William that the company is not financially viable and will be closed down.
While not caused by a physical hazard, occupational stress can produce physical harm through health issues such as heart disease, heart attack, high blood pressure and stroke which can be induced from working in a high stress environment in the long term. Being elderly, Dana’s father is put at greater risk to health problems from said stressors.
Some recommended practices to manage occupational stress include providing social support and ensuring there is adequate staffing and equipment. To reduce stressors, additional pilots can be hired to relieve Dana of some of her demanding schedule. Admin could implement weekly debriefing sessions to allow employees to destress, voice any problems and get support from other staff. Stress management workshops could be conducted and a supportive work environment in general should be encouraged
Anxiety/Aggression
Figure 21: Movie screenshot of William meeting with stern, aggressive his father . (Love is in the Air, 2023)
William is at risk of anxiety and aggression within his job. His superior (and father) is very aggressive towards him. This is worsened by the fact that William does not want to disappoint his father and is evidently fearful of his anger (7:08). His father continually threatens him with the prospect of failure if he does not comply with his demands. He seems very hesitant to express his opinions or disagree with his father. Williams also seems to have a more sensitive personality and great desire to please his father creating an even more toxic environment. Additionally, William faces aggression from Dana as she is upset that he intends to have the company closed down.
Ideally, William can eliminate the anxiety caused by his father by taking himself out of the aggressive environment and working somewhere else. Employees could also be given conflict resolution training, team- building activities or cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce anxiety. Recognition programs can also be implemented to allow employees to feel valued and confident in their workplace. In general, building a culture of transparency, respect and camaraderie will reduce persons anxiety and aggression lessening situations like those between Dana and William and William and his dad.
Extreme environmental conditions/ Traumatic events
A traumatic event is an experience that is shocking, scary, or dangerous which can affect someone emotionally and physically (National institute of Health). Dana’s father faces a traumatic event in the form of a cyclone (57:53). He is exposed to the strong winds and rain of the cyclone and hit by a construction cone caught up in the wind. He is left alone on the ground in the darkness and heavy rain without any help nearby.
Figure 22: Movie screenshot of Jeff being traumatized during the storm. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
Mr. Fullerton should be allowed time to rest physically and mentally recuperate. This could include sick days and social support from employees. For the future, administrative planning could be put in place to manage severe weather occurrences. An emergency plan should be developed and communicated to all staff. All employees should be kept informed about weather forecasts and shelter options should be discussed. All staff should also be required to regularly run through emergency drills.
Ergonomic Hazards
Figure 23: 5 Studies That Prove the Benefits of Ergonomics https://www.work-fit.com/blog/5-studies-that-prove-the-benefits-of-ergonomics
Ergonomics is an applied science that deals with the relationship between workplace design, tools and the tasks conducted by workers. It involves adapting the work environment within a worker’s capabilities to prevent injury, illness and strain.
– Ross 1994
What are ergonomic hazards?
Ergonomics is an applied science that deals with the relationship between workplace design, tools and the tasks conducted by workers. It involves adapting the work environment within a worker’s capabilities to prevent injury, illness and strain (Ross 1994). Poor workplace design, awkward and repetitive movements and postures can produce various harmful effects on the body and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDS). Ergonomic hazards can also lead to discomfort and overall work stress and lead to symptoms such as fatigue, pain and sensitivity.
Good ergonomics promotes a safe working environment with minimized risks that cause musculoskeletal injuries and improves human performance and productivity. Work environments that are well planned and suitable for the users will lead to increased savings for companies as there are fewer injuries, and a higher level of productivity since staff will be comfortable and able to efficiently work. Overall culture will also be improved since employees will feel valued upon realizing that their employer is making the workplace safer.
Bad Posture
Nikki, the airline’s technician, uses a small backless stool to service and conduct work on the aircraft and its equipment. She is seen at the 3:23 time mark, sitting and talking to Dana slightly hunched over while working on an aircraft part. Nikki’s stature, and repetitive actions associated with the job which may involve force and strength, along with this posture, can lead to back pains and strains.
Figure 24: Movie screenshot of Nikki displaying bad posture while working. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
Additionally, this stool was also used by Nikki at her administrative workstation. The stool is not ergonomically suited for work at the desk and therefore can lead to back injury, carpel tunnel syndrome and even eyestrain due to the improper configuration of the workstation.
Figure 25: Movie screenshot of Nikki not sitting on a proper, safe chair. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
Warm conditions in the facility
On several occasions, it was communicated that the facility was hot. Mr. Fullerton expressed that the Air Conditioning Unit was in the process of being repaired and the team was using miniature fans in the interim to offer a level of coolness. Nikki and William specifically were affected by the temperature in the facility as it made them uncomfortable and sweaty. Warm conditions or heat increases fatigue and ultimately can reduce productivity and comfort.
Figure 26: Movie screenshot of Jeff working in humid conditions using only a desk fan at that moment. (Love is in the Air, 2023
Facility Layout
The Fullerton Airways facility includes a hanger which is also home to the administrative section. There is no distinct segmentation or compartmentalization in the building. The aircraft is housed there when not in use or when being repaired and the Fullerton team is also based there. Both Nikki and Jeff conduct administrative work for the company and their workspaces can be seen in the building around the aircraft spot. There is also a miniature gym or workout station at the back of the building.
This layout can lead to harmful incidents and uncomfortable occurrences for the team. This can include, a noisy environment due to the lack of walls and separation. While Nikki is working on aircraft equipment, the noise generated can affect Jeff who may be reviewing documents or communicating with Dana on the radio system. Noise can lead to headaches and overall decreased productivity.
Figure 27: Movie screenshot of Jeff’s workspace which is a section in the open hanger and not a separate room. (Love is in the Air, 2023)
Recommendations
- All employees should maintain a good sitting posture while at the desk to ensure the body is well supported.
- Nikki should ensure that she takes a lot of breaks, for example, in thirty (30) minute intervals to prevent any strains from the mechanical duties she performs.
- Ergonomic chairs should be procured for the workstations which are adjustable to allow customization to ensure maximum comfort and aid in the prevention of injury.
- It is recommended that a larger heavy-duty fan be used until the air conditioning unit is repaired, in addition to the small fans being used. This will ensure cooler air circulates the entire space until the air conditioning system is repaired.
- It is recommended that the company ensure that a preventative maintenance schedule is maintained to prevent the unit from malfunctioning in the future.
- The workplace should be redesigned so that there is adequate separation between the aircraft area, the administrative section and the technician station. The addition of cubicles can aid with this. All equipment and items associated with each discipline should be positioned in proximity to ensure there is a comfortable distance to retrieve them.
LOVE IS IN THE AIR- RISK ASSESSMENT
Figure 28: Risk Assessment Matrix https://www.adventurehunter.co.uk/risk-assessments/
Figure 29: Hierarchy of Control – Skinner, Nicole. 2023. “Toolbox Talk: Hierarchy of Controls.” Garco Construction – General Contractor for Commercial Construction. January 23, 2023. https://www.garco.com/toolbox-talk-hierarchy-of-controls/.
What hazards? | Who might be harmed and how? | Risk Rating: Likelihood, Severity | Actions to reduce risk ALARP | Person responsible for action | Due by date | Signed off as done on date |
| Fall Hazard | Technician (Nikki) working on the engine, the engine could fall on her feet or fall and roll on her | Likelihood: 1 Severity: 4 Risk rating: (1*4) = 4 4 = Medium Risk | Elimination of Hazard: Properly cradle the engine using an appropriate Engine stand as recommended by the manufacturer Administrative control: Mr. Fullerton should provide safety training for Himself in addition to the staff. PPE : Technician should get Safety Boots | Mr. Fullerton | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-22 |
| Exposure to Harmful Substances | The mechanic (Nikki) who is working on the engine is not wearing any gloves. | Likelihood: 1 Severity: 4 Risk rating: (1*4) = 4 4 = Medium Risk | PPE: Gloves while repairing these engines because the use of grease, anti-seize, and oils are always used, and exposure to these items can be harmful to health. | Mr. Fullerton and Nikki | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-21 |
| Environmental | Mr. Fullerton | Likelihood: 2 Severity: 4 Risk rating: (2*4) = 8 8 = High risk | PPE: Mr. Fullerton Should Wear a Reflective Vest Engineering Controls: Mr. Fullerton Should Stand at the side of the road instead of the middle of the road | Mr. Fullerton | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-21 |
| Noise | Mr. Fullerton and His Staff | Likelihood: 2 Severity: 4 Risk rating: (2*4) = 8 8 = High risk | PPE: Mr. Fullerton should provide Earmuffs and earplugs for himself and staff | Mr. Fullerton | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-21 |
| Sensitiser | Everyone accessing and inside the hander area can be harmed. They are standing, talking, smelling, touching and seeing all items all around the hangar. | Likelihood: 1 Severity: 3 Risk rating: 3 = Medium Risk | Elimination of Hazard: There needs to be proper housekeeping and storage for all items (chemicals, tools, food) Administrative control: Mr. Fullerton should provide gloves, masks and even personal protective equipment (PPE) for all persons accessing the area. | Mr. Fullerton | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-22 |
| Flammable | Similarly, everyone accessing the hanger can be harmed. The hangar lacks ventilation, air conditioner busted and no proper storage for tools, equipment, fuel barrels and cans. Any form of ignition can spark a flame and in turn a fire | Likelihood: 1 Severity: 6 Risk rating: 6 = High Risk | Elimination of Hazard: There needs to be proper storage for the fuel barrels, chemicals and paint cans. Each area in the hangar needs to be separated by rooms with ventilation. Administrative control: Mr. Fullerton should provide personal protective equipment (PPE) for the staff working in that area. There should be more signage, safety equipment like fire extinguishers and marked restricted areas. | Mr. Fullerton | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-22 |
| Toxic Fumes | Anyone sitting behind the airplane is more at harm. Also, anyone who is in the hangar while the aircraft is running its engine, and the smoke fills up the hangar. | Likelihood: 2 Severity: 3 Risk rating: 6 = High Risk | Elimination of Hazard: Creating more ventilation in the hangar and having masks accessible. Administrative control: Mr. Fullerton should provide masks for all persons accessing the area. Create another enclosed room with proper ventilation for sitting and office. Also, more ventilation like windows in the hangar itself. He can make everyone aware of the potential damages to self by placing more signage and training. | Mr. Fullerton | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-22 |
| Inhalation | Dana and Will were exposed to this harm. The mechanic/technician is also exposed to this harm when conducting repairs to the engine. | Likelihood: 1 Severity: 2 Risk rating: 2 = Low Risk | Elimination of Hazard: The personnel accessing the engine requires appropriate clothing and must be experienced in repairing the engine. Administrative control: Mr. Fullerton should provide gloves, masks and even personal protective equipment (PPE) for the pilot and maintenance personnel. Also, to have persons properly training for repairs to the airplane. | Mr. Fullerton | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-22 |
| Occupational Stress | Dana, The entire Fullerton team Dana has a highly demanding and intense job as a pilot dealing with time sensitive individuals who need air transport. She is also working with unreliable equipment as the plane she is flying is old and in need of proper maintenance or replacement. These stressors have the potential to cause her psychological and social harm. The entire fullerton airways team/ staff is also put under the stress of possible closure of the business and losing their jobs. | Likelihood: 3 Severity: 3 Risk rating: (3*3) = 9 9 = High Risk | Administrative Hiring additional pilots to relieve Dana of some of her demanding workload. Providing technicians with all necessary equipment to repair and upkeep the plane; ensuring the plane is maintained in accordance with quality standards. Implement weekly debriefing sessions to allow employees to destress, voice any problems and get support from other staff. A supportive work environment in general should be encouraged. | Mr. Fullerton | 21.12.2023 | 22.12.2023 |
| Anxiety, Aggression | William experiences anxiety resulting from his superior’s pressure and aggression towards him. Dana is also aggressive towards William. | Likelihood: 2 Severity: 2 Risk rating: (2*4) = 4 4 = Medium Risk | Administrative control: Cognitive behavioral therapy Conflict resolution training, team- building activities, recognition programs OR Elimination of hazard: William can leave the job with his dad | William, ITCM Financial, Mr, .Fullerton | 2023-12-22 | 2023-12-22 |
| Extreme environmental conditions/ Traumatic events | Mr. Fullerton | Likelihood: 3 Severity: 2 Risk rating: (3*2) = 6 6 = High Risk | Rest & Counseling for Mr. Fullerton Administrative Implementation of an emergency plan, emergency drills, daily weather briefings | Nikki | 2023-12-04 | 2023-12-04 |
| Biological Agents | Jeff Randall by exposure to legionnares disease | Likelihood 2 Severity 2 Risk Rating 4 med | Minimize risk: Avoid exposure. Conduct awareness training for staff. Wear appropriate PPE. | Jeff Randall | 2023/11/21 | 2023/11/21 |
| Biotoxin | Jeff Randall by exposure to snake bite | Likelihood 1 Severity 3 Risk Rating 3 med | Minimize risk: Avoid exposure. Conduct awareness training for staff. Keep appropriate treatment kit in stock. Wear appropriate PPE. | Jeff Randall | 2023/11/21 | 2023/11/21 |
| Airborne pathogen | Dana Randall by exposure to pathogenic microbes | Likelihood 3 Severity 2 Risk rating 6 high | Minimize risk: Avoid exposure. Conduct awareness training for staff. Use appropriate PPE. | Jeff Randall | 2023/11/21 | 2023/11/21 |
| Biological Agents | Dana Randall by exposure to bloodborne pathogens | Likelihood 2 Severity 2 Risk rating 4 med | Minimize risk: Avoid exposure. Conduct awareness training for staff. | Jeff Randall | 2023/11/21 | 2023/11/21 |
| Organic matter | Lady sitting on the ground by exposure to pathogens, typically microbes | Likelihood 2 Severity 2 Risk rating 4 med | Minimize risk: Provide awareness training for citizens. | Government. | 2023/11/21 | 2023/11/21 |
| Biting and stinging insects | Lady sitting on the ground by exposure to mild discomfort or pain to a lethal reaction, also if allergic to the insect’s venom possible anaphylactic shock. | Likelihood 2 Severity3 Risk rating 6 high | Minimize risk: Provide awareness training. | Lady sitting on the ground | 2023/11/21 | 2023/11/21 |
| (Ergonomics Hazard) Bad Sitting Posture while working | Both Nikki and Jeff can experience major back injury from poor sitting posture. It can cause stress of the neck, arms and legs and even the spinal discs leading to pain and ultimately cause irreversible damage which can prevent them from working at a normal capacity. If Dana frequencies the facility to conduct administrative work and also assumes the improper sitting position, she can also be harmed in this way. | Likelihood: 2 Severity: 3 Risk Rating: 6 High rating | Administrative Control: Training sessions with all the employees to ensure that they are aware of the proper sitting posture and the implications if they do not comply. | Jeff Fullerton | 25th November, 2023 | 25th November, 2023 |
| (Ergonomics Hazard) Improper Chairs | Both Nikki and Jeff can experience major back injuries from the chairs used. It can cause stress on the neck, arms, legs and even the spinal discs leading to pain and ultimately causing irreversible damage which can prevent them from working at a normal capacity. | Likelihood: 2 Severity: 3 Risk Rating: 6 High rating | Substitution: Replace the low, stationary chairs with ergonomic, adjustable chairs | Jeff Fullerton | 2023-11-21 | 2023-12-21 |
| (Ergonomics Hazard) Warm Environment | All persons who stay in the facility for an excessive time can feel the heat. This includes Fullerton staff and visitors. This may lead to excessive sweating, fatigue and dehydration. On excessively hot days, people can experience a heat stroke. | Likelihood: 1 Severity: 3 Risk Rating: 3 Medium Rating | Engineering Control: Repair the AC unit as soon as the part is received. Utilize larger fans in the interim until the AC is fixed. Administrative control: Scheduled Preventative Maintenance of the AC unit | Jeff Fullerton | 2023-11-21 | Repeat Every 6 Months |
| (Ergonomics Hazard) Noise produced which is easily circulated in the open workplace Layout | Jeff, Nikki and all visitors can be affected by the noise generation by the aircraft or the mechanical activities being conducted in the open space. operation of the aircraft while in the hanger | Likelihood: 2 Severity: 3 Risk Rating: 6 High rating | Engineering control: Redesign the workplace and introduce sections, cubicles or walls that separate the operational areas from the administrative sections. PPE: Earmuffs to be used by all persons in the facility while noisy operations are being conducted | Jeff Fullerton | 2024-04-24 | 2023-11-21 |
Table showing risk assessment for the movie analysed.
GARVIN’S 8 DIMENSIONS OF QUALITY
Figure 30: Garvin’s 8 Dimensions of Quality https://www.linkedin.com/posts/tqm-for-better-future_tqmforbetterfuture-activity-7114453464960692225-Npjy
RELIABILITY
After viewing this movie we decided to focus out attention on the Cessna 206 airplane “Harriet” which was flown by Dana the chief pilot of Fullerton Airways.
This is a product or service’s capacity to function consistently and dependably over an extended period of time. The probability of failure over a given time frame is used to measure it, and typical metrics include mean time to failure (MTTF) and mean time between failures (MTBF).
This dimension has to do with how reliable and consistent the airline’s services are. It takes into account things like crew performance, aircraft maintenance, and the dependability of flight schedules. An airline’s dependability can be evaluated by looking at how frequently mechanical problems, delays and cancellations occur.
In the movie, Fullerton Airways has one operational Cessna 206 Airplane but often encounters mechanical problems. The airplanes were acquired in 1993 when the family business started with Jeff Randall and his late wife but are aware of the actual age of the airplanes. However, this aircraft is seen being used throughout the movie despite the mechanical issues as it maintains its repairs by the mechanic or pilot.
Conformance To Standard
This dimension verifies that a good or service satisfies the proper requirements and standards set forth by the client or the industry. The degree to which the airline’s services adhere to accepted standards is gauged by this factor. It considers things like adhering to safety guidelines, upholding customer service standards, and fulfilling contractual duties.
Adherence to these dimensions can exert a noteworthy influence on the competitiveness, customer contentment, and overall success of an airline. An airline can grow its reputation for dependability and excellence and gain a competitive edge by emphasizing meetings or surpassing customer expectations in these areas. This can involve following and conforming to safety guidelines, maintaining customer service standards, and adherence to a schedule for an airline.
Since its founding, the airline has always operated in a personal manner. Dana referred to their mail delivery service as the “soul of Fullerton Airways.” They provide remote air support. The fuel and other costs for those flights are covered by government subsidies. Dana, the chief pilot, makes deliveries to Packers Bay, one of the isolated islands, every two weeks. Otherwise, they will be completely cut off without the assistance of Fullerton Airways.
DURABILITY
Durability refers to the amount of time a product takes to maintain its intended functionality, appearance and quality. According to the University of Cambridge, it assesses the product’s life cycle by considering length of use before replacement is preferable to continued repair.
In general planes have a long life span and good durability. Aircraft used in commercial and general aviation are designed to last for decades. The Cessna 206 in the movie is said to have been in operation for “nearly 52 years old” indicating excellent durability. It generally performs its functions well, including taking off, landing, float integrity, transporting persons/goods and providing communication and navigation equipment. The plane maintains its original aesthetic appeal, appearing to be in good condition. Despite being operated in bodies of water, there is no visible rust.
The Cessna brand has become known for its quality and reliability. Quality materials contribute to durability, however durability is also dependent on factors such as routine inspections, repairs and maintenance schedules. Well maintained aircraft can withstand the stresses of flight and environmental conditions. The fact that plane the plane is able to withstand the bad weather indicates good durability; Dana reports that the plane is fully functioning after the cyclone passes. Nevertheless, the plane is not able to complete one of its flight legs due to an engine failure earlier in the film.
Inability to withstand the stresses of flight and perform well normally indicate poor durability but this problem seems to stem from a problem of serviceability rather than durability. Fullerton airways is underfunded and only has one technician. The plane can also be considered as durable as it is only experiencing these problems after 52 years of operation. This is an exceptional life cycle for a product even in comparison to other aircraft.
Serviceability
Serviceability is the ease and speed at which a product can be repaired if it is experiencing issues carrying out its functions. It also includes the courtesy and competence available in the restoration of the service or product. The durability of a product as well as its serviceability ultimately determines its lifespan.
Serviceability of an aircraft is critical for safety; if aircraft are not well maintained, the pilot as well as passengers could be put at serious danger as demonstrated in the scene where the plane loses power and Dana and William narrowly avoid a crash. However, high costs related to the serviceability of aircraft act as a barrier for aircraft owners. At Fullerton Airways, there seems to be issues with the provision of good maintenance and servicing for the aircraft due to lack of funding and there being only one technician available for maintenance. At one point the pilot is required to take on maintenance responsibilities herself. Fullerton Airways may have challenges in serviceability due to the need for specific knowledge as well as high costs of aircraft parts, facility use and labour. Labour is particularly expensive as aircraft servicing requires specialist knowledge. The fact that the product is a sea plane also gives rise to unique maintenance needs. The intricacy of these servicing processes can lead to delays in maintenance and repairs.
In terms of accessibility, Cessna does provide a maintenance manual with its aircraft, however it is up to the company to hire the appropriately trained personnel to carry out said maintenance. Textron, the parent organization of Cessna does provide some repair services directly to aircraft owners in different parts of the world. According to their website, “Textron Aviation Service Centers provide maintenance inspections, parts, repairs, avionic modifications, equipment installations, interior and exterior refurbishment, and other specialized services for your aircraft”. However, seeing as Fullerton operates in a remote island in Australia, these services are likely not available to them.
Accessibility to qualified persons to fix the specific model of plane is likely a problem for Fullerton given their location. Hence, Nikki being the only technician may not just be a result of lack of funds, but also lack of available experts. Additionally, obtaining parts may also be a challenge to Fullerton Airways as parts for older aircraft are not always available. Delays in sourcing parts can contribute to poor product serviceability. These factors result in a system where corrective and preventative maintenance is difficult and delayed.
Aesthetics
The look, feel, taste, or smell of a product encompasses the aesthetic quality described in Garvin’s 8 Dimension of Quality. It is one of the most subjective dimension as it is based on the personal preference of the ‘consumer’ and therefore can vary from one person to the next (Garvin 1987).
In the movie, William is seen assessing the look and feel of the Cessna aircraft (Harriet) on his first arrival. When Dana extended an invitation for him to accompany her to complete her daily tasks, he responded “In this thing?”, which she responded, “It is sturdy as a rock.” Dana realized William’s discomfort and uncertainty upon seeing the aircraft and decided to have him experience riding in it. The size of the aircraft was a factor in William’s initial discomfort and his feelings on this is communicated on several occasions. He comments on the aircraft being ‘cozy’ and also mentioned that it was a tight fit and he wasn’t sure where he should rest his hands while on the journey.
On the other hand, the residents of the surrounding communities serviced by Fullerton Airways sees the aircraft as a valuable pillar that has been their source of connection to the mainland for many years. The plane’s aesthetic is viewed positively by the community due to the dependable service it represents. When William was able to reinvest into the company, the aircraft was refurbished with a new paint job which would have added to its aesthetics.
Perceived Quality
The ‘perceived quality’ dimension is associated with both the tangible and intangible aspects of the product or service. It is based on brand reputation and how the consumer perceives the overall quality of the product. It is the quality of the product or service based on its image, brand name and advertising as opposed to the actual product (Sebastianelli and Tamimi 2002).
Following William’s analysis of Fullerton Airways, his initial perception of the company was that it was inferior and was not profitable. This was after a review of the financial information and the services offered. However, when he personally visited the company and fully understood the foundation, goals and got a first-hand experience providing the services offered; his perception changed.
The aircraft, being the base of the company, was also scrutinized by Mr. William upon his first in flight experience as well as the second, where there was an incident that resulted in an emergency landing. However, upon observing Dana’s ability to repair the aircraft and the confidence she has in its quality, this perception changed. It was obvious that Mr. William became more comfortable and trusting of her ability as a pilot and the aircraft itself as the movie continued.
The residents loved Fullerton Airways in general, due to the dependable services that has been provided to them and the warmth and willingness of Dana and the team to continually offer assistance. The aircraft, being the key component of this service has been viewed as the agency of high quality by the residents.
Performance
This dimension of analysis refers to a product’s main use – how good is it, objectively, compared with the competition. (MindTools 2023).
The only serviceable aircraft used by Fullerton Airways in the movie is a Cessna 206 built by the Cessna aircraft company USA. In the era it was built this aircraft is describe as; “A rugged, single-engine, high wing, tricycle undercarriage six-seater, Cessna describes its 206 as the sports utility vehicle of the air. As one who has flown a 206, I can attest to its truck-like handling and its ability to haul large loads into and out of back-country strips. The middle child in a family of three, a turbocharged version of the 206 remains in production today, whereas its 205 and 207 siblings are no longer manufactured” (David Yeoman 2003).
It can be determined as an appropriate selection for the simple detail it satisfies. The present configuration certifies it to be operated on water and this is totally appropriate considering the geographical location of the customers. This is a modification as it was originally configured with typical landing gears with wheels.
To give a brief detail of the 206’s performance specs; it is powered by a 310hp 6-cylinder Lycoming engine, a takeoff distance, (ground roll) of 910 feet, rate of climb, sea level 1,050 fpm (feet per min), max altitude of 24000 feet, max cruise at approximately 178 knots (Airmart 2023). Its operation as depicted in the movie is well under its manufacturer specifications and capabilities.
With the exception of one glitch where they were forced to land, the aircraft appears to be well maintained and in good working condition. There were no issues with its capabilities while flying, taking off or landing with passengers and or load. In fact, for the emergency flights where the aircraft was loaded to capacity. This scenario also did not present any issues with the aircraft’s performance to get jobs of evacuation and emergency supplies done. The communication equipment also had good performance. An overall good performance standing within the context used.
Features
These are the “bells and whistles” of products and services. They’re secondary to the main use but sometimes they’re equally or more important to customers (MindTools, 2023). In the context of the aircraft, features can be the following:
- Dimensions (external): Length 28.3ft, height 9.3ft and wingspan 36ft.
- Dimensions (Internal): Cabin; Length, width and height; 12.1ft by 3.8ft by 4.2ft respectively.
- Seating capacity: six seats.
The interior of the aircraft appears very neat, professional looking with comfortable seats. Useful load 1343 lbs. (this pertains to cargo, crew and passengers. This category of aircraft can be flown with one pilot, which gives a passenger capacity of five persons. Fuel capacity, standard 92 gallons of which 88 gallons are usable.
The present configuration of landing floats for operation on ocean, lakes, rivers and paved surface, can also be considered features. This feature is a differentiated product, as observed at the airport, their competition doesn’t have an aircraft with this capability. Therefore, achieving a monopoly with these customers. The features seen on this craft are mostly standard, provided by manufacturer with the exception of the floats that gives it the additional capabilities to land both on water and on smoothly paved surface.
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Strat Matters 